如何重新运行失败的测试并在测试运行之间维护状态

用法

此插件提供了两个命令行选项,用于重新运行上次 pytest 调用中的失败项

  • --lf--last-failed - 仅重新运行失败项。

  • --ff--failed-first - 先运行失败项,然后再运行其余测试。

对于清理(通常不需要),--cache-clear 选项允许在测试运行之前移除所有跨会话缓存内容。

其他插件可以访问 config.cache 对象,以便在 pytest 调用之间设置/获取json 可编码值。

注意

此插件默认启用,但可以在需要时禁用:请参阅 按名称停用/取消注册插件(此插件的内部名称为 cacheprovider)。

仅重新运行失败项或先重新运行失败项

首先,让我们创建 50 个测试调用,其中只有 2 个失败

# content of test_50.py
import pytest


@pytest.mark.parametrize("i", range(50))
def test_num(i):
    if i in (17, 25):
        pytest.fail("bad luck")

如果您首次运行此测试,您将看到两个失败项

$ pytest -q
.................F.......F........................                   [100%]
================================= FAILURES =================================
_______________________________ test_num[17] _______________________________

i = 17

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("i", range(50))
    def test_num(i):
        if i in (17, 25):
>           pytest.fail("bad luck")
E           Failed: bad luck

test_50.py:7: Failed
_______________________________ test_num[25] _______________________________

i = 25

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("i", range(50))
    def test_num(i):
        if i in (17, 25):
>           pytest.fail("bad luck")
E           Failed: bad luck

test_50.py:7: Failed
========================= short test summary info ==========================
FAILED test_50.py::test_num[17] - Failed: bad luck
FAILED test_50.py::test_num[25] - Failed: bad luck
2 failed, 48 passed in 0.12s

如果您随后使用 --lf 运行此测试

$ pytest --lf
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-8.x.y, pluggy-1.x.y
rootdir: /home/sweet/project
collected 2 items
run-last-failure: rerun previous 2 failures

test_50.py FF                                                        [100%]

================================= FAILURES =================================
_______________________________ test_num[17] _______________________________

i = 17

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("i", range(50))
    def test_num(i):
        if i in (17, 25):
>           pytest.fail("bad luck")
E           Failed: bad luck

test_50.py:7: Failed
_______________________________ test_num[25] _______________________________

i = 25

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("i", range(50))
    def test_num(i):
        if i in (17, 25):
>           pytest.fail("bad luck")
E           Failed: bad luck

test_50.py:7: Failed
========================= short test summary info ==========================
FAILED test_50.py::test_num[17] - Failed: bad luck
FAILED test_50.py::test_num[25] - Failed: bad luck
============================ 2 failed in 0.12s =============================

您仅运行了上次运行中的两个失败测试,而 48 个通过测试未运行(“取消选择”)。

现在,如果您使用 --ff 选项运行,则将运行所有测试,但先执行之前的第一个失败项(可以从 FF 和点序列中看出)

$ pytest --ff
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-8.x.y, pluggy-1.x.y
rootdir: /home/sweet/project
collected 50 items
run-last-failure: rerun previous 2 failures first

test_50.py FF................................................        [100%]

================================= FAILURES =================================
_______________________________ test_num[17] _______________________________

i = 17

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("i", range(50))
    def test_num(i):
        if i in (17, 25):
>           pytest.fail("bad luck")
E           Failed: bad luck

test_50.py:7: Failed
_______________________________ test_num[25] _______________________________

i = 25

    @pytest.mark.parametrize("i", range(50))
    def test_num(i):
        if i in (17, 25):
>           pytest.fail("bad luck")
E           Failed: bad luck

test_50.py:7: Failed
========================= short test summary info ==========================
FAILED test_50.py::test_num[17] - Failed: bad luck
FAILED test_50.py::test_num[25] - Failed: bad luck
======================= 2 failed, 48 passed in 0.12s =======================

新的 --nf--new-first 选项:先运行新测试,然后再运行其余测试,在这两种情况下,测试也会按文件修改时间进行排序,最近的文件排在前面。

上次运行中没有测试失败时的行为

--lfnf/--last-failed-no-failures 选项控制 --last-failed 的行为。确定在没有先前(已知)失败或未找到缓存的 lastfailed 数据时是否执行测试。

有两个选项

  • all:当没有已知的测试失败时,运行所有测试(完整的测试套件)。这是默认设置。

  • none:当没有已知的测试失败时,仅发出一个消息,说明这一点,然后成功退出。

示例

pytest --last-failed --last-failed-no-failures all    # runs the full test suite (default behavior)
pytest --last-failed --last-failed-no-failures none   # runs no tests and exits successfully

新的 config.cache 对象

插件或 conftest.py 支持代码可以使用 pytest config 对象获取缓存值。这是一个基本示例插件,它实现了 fixture,该 fixture 在 pytest 调用之间重用先前创建的状态

# content of test_caching.py
import pytest


def expensive_computation():
    print("running expensive computation...")


@pytest.fixture
def mydata(pytestconfig):
    val = pytestconfig.cache.get("example/value", None)
    if val is None:
        expensive_computation()
        val = 42
        pytestconfig.cache.set("example/value", val)
    return val


def test_function(mydata):
    assert mydata == 23

如果您首次运行此命令,则可以看到打印语句

$ pytest -q
F                                                                    [100%]
================================= FAILURES =================================
______________________________ test_function _______________________________

mydata = 42

    def test_function(mydata):
>       assert mydata == 23
E       assert 42 == 23

test_caching.py:19: AssertionError
-------------------------- Captured stdout setup ---------------------------
running expensive computation...
========================= short test summary info ==========================
FAILED test_caching.py::test_function - assert 42 == 23
1 failed in 0.12s

如果您第二次运行它,则会从缓存中检索值,并且不会打印任何内容

$ pytest -q
F                                                                    [100%]
================================= FAILURES =================================
______________________________ test_function _______________________________

mydata = 42

    def test_function(mydata):
>       assert mydata == 23
E       assert 42 == 23

test_caching.py:19: AssertionError
========================= short test summary info ==========================
FAILED test_caching.py::test_function - assert 42 == 23
1 failed in 0.12s

有关更多详细信息,请参阅 config.cache fixture

检查缓存内容

您始终可以使用 --cache-show 命令行选项查看缓存的内容

$ pytest --cache-show
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-8.x.y, pluggy-1.x.y
rootdir: /home/sweet/project
cachedir: /home/sweet/project/.pytest_cache
--------------------------- cache values for '*' ---------------------------
cache/lastfailed contains:
  {'test_caching.py::test_function': True}
cache/nodeids contains:
  ['test_caching.py::test_function']
cache/stepwise contains:
  []
example/value contains:
  42

========================== no tests ran in 0.12s ===========================

--cache-show 采用一个可选参数来指定用于过滤的 glob 模式

$ pytest --cache-show example/*
=========================== test session starts ============================
platform linux -- Python 3.x.y, pytest-8.x.y, pluggy-1.x.y
rootdir: /home/sweet/project
cachedir: /home/sweet/project/.pytest_cache
----------------------- cache values for 'example/*' -----------------------
example/value contains:
  42

========================== no tests ran in 0.12s ===========================

清除缓存内容

您可以通过添加 --cache-clear 选项来指示 pytest 清除所有缓存文件和值,如下所示

pytest --cache-clear

建议在隔离和正确性比速度更重要的持续集成服务器中调用此选项。

逐步

作为 --lf -x 的替代方法,特别是对于您期望测试套件的大部分将失败的情况,--sw--stepwise 允许您一次修复它们。测试套件将运行到第一次失败,然后停止。在下次调用时,测试将从上次失败的测试继续,然后运行到下一个失败的测试。您可以使用 --stepwise-skip 选项忽略一个失败的测试,而是在第二个失败的测试上停止测试执行。如果您遇到失败的测试并且只想在稍后忽略它,这将非常有用。提供 --stepwise-skip 也将隐式启用 --stepwise